The brain is considered to be the most important part of the human body because it controls the whole body. Signals reach the brain from every part of the body and then the brain sends a message to that part for response as per the need. But when there is a blockage in the flow of blood from any part of the body to the brain, then it is called a brain stroke. Brain stroke can be related to any part of the body or to many parts. When the signal does not reach the brain from any part or part of the body, then that part becomes paralyzed. If a person is at risk of brain stroke, then how can its signs be recognized and what should be done to prevent it? Let us try to understand this.
Symptoms of brain stroke
Brain stroke is considered to be a sudden event. However, whether a healthy person can be at risk of brain stroke in future or not, can be known from some initial symptoms.
Usually doctors call it BEFAST.
- B – Balance: A healthy looking person suddenly loses his balance and then regains it after some time.
- E – Eye: Suddenly darkness engulfs the eyes, as if a curtain has fallen, and then the person starts looking normal.
- F – Face: While speaking, someone’s face suddenly becomes crooked and immediately recovers.
- A – Arms: The arm suddenly falls and then recovers.
- S – Speech: Suddenly the tongue stops, meaning the person is unable to speak for some time.
- T – Time: If such symptoms are seen, then immediately reach the hospital.
If any of these symptoms are seen and even if they recover after some time, then also a doctor should be contacted immediately. Because these signs indicate that there is a blockage in the blood reaching the brain, which indicates the risk of stroke in the future.
Dr. Prateek Kishore, neurologist at Delhi’s BL Kapoor Max Hospital, says, “Any other disease can also be the reason behind such symptoms. But if the person is completely healthy, then these symptoms indicate that he may have a brain stroke in the future. And if it is not cured immediately, it means that the person has already had a brain stroke.”
What to do if symptoms of brain stroke are seen?
If a person shows symptoms like loss of balance, sudden loss of vision, difficulty in speaking, hands and legs not working or crookedness on the face and these are not cured immediately, then it can be a sign of brain stroke. In such a situation, it is important to reach the doctor immediately without wasting time. Dr Manjari Tripathi of the Neurology Department of All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) says, “It is very important to start treatment within four and a half hours of a brain stroke. This happens when there is a blockage in the artery or it bursts, due to which blood is not able to reach the brain.”
According to doctors, the first four and a half hours after a brain stroke are called the golden period. However, in some cases, if treatment is started within six to eight hours, the patient’s recovery is possible. Dr Manjari Tripathi says, “If there is a blood clot in the artery, an attempt is made to dissolve it by giving a blood clot buster injection. Sometimes, if necessary and possible, the blood clot is removed by doing thrombectomy (a type of surgery).”
Dr Sonia Lal Gupta, Senior Consultant Neurologist, Metro Group of Hospitals, says, “Clotted blood can be removed through surgery, but it has its limitations. This is possible only if there is a blood clot in a large artery. In case of brain stroke, it is most important that the patient is taken to the hospital quickly.” Recovery of the patient is possible in case of brain stroke, but timely treatment is very important for this.
The nature and severity of brain stroke is detected through tests like CT scan and MRI, so that better treatment can be done. Many times people become careless in cases of brain stroke, due to which it becomes difficult for the patient to recover completely. Dr Sonia Lal Gupta says, “The first three months are very important for the recovery of patients suffering from brain stroke or paralysis. Physiotherapy is also beneficial during this period.” Improvement is seen in such patients even after three months, but its speed is very slow.
Reasons for brain stroke
Although brain stroke can happen to anyone at any age, some people are at a higher risk. Uncontrolled and persistent high blood pressure, diabetes, cholesterol, smoking, alcohol consumption and obesity are the main reasons for this. Sometimes the blood thickens due to genetic reasons in young people, which increases the risk of brain stroke. AIIMS doctor Manjari Tripathi says, “It usually happens more to the elderly, although people can also become victims of brain hemorrhage due to bad lifestyle, injury during exercise in the gym and getting a massage on the neck.” Cases of brain stroke increase in winter.
The major reason behind this is considered to be the eating habits in countries like India, because in winter people generally eat more fat-rich food. Also, it becomes very important to keep blood pressure under control in this season. Dr. Pratik Kishore, a neurologist at Delhi’s BL Kapoor Max Hospital, says, “Generally, elderly people aged 60-65 years are at a higher risk of brain stroke, but in recent times we have seen that 40-45% of the brain stroke patients coming to us are below 50 years of age.” He also considers bad lifestyle and habits like drinking alcohol or smoking cigarettes responsible for this.
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