ICMR Issues Guidelines For Use Of AI In Health Sector

Recently the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) has released a guidance document titled “Ethical Guidelines for the Implementation of AI in Biomedical Research and Health Care” which outlines 10 key patient-centric ethical principles for the implementation of AI in the health sector.

Diagnosis and screening, therapeutics, preventive treatments, clinical decision making, public health monitoring, complex data analysis, analysis of probabilities of disease outcomes, behavioral and mental health care and health management systems fall under the recognized applications of AI in health care.

Guiding Principles

1. Accountability and Accountability Principle: This underlines the importance of regular internal and external audits to ensure the optimal functioning of AI systems which should be made available to the public.

2. Autonomy Principle: This ensures human monitoring of the functioning and performance of the artificial intelligence (AI) system. It is also important to obtain patient consent before starting any procedure, in which the patient must also be informed about the physical, psychological and social risks.

3. Data Privacy Principles: This ensures the protection of privacy and personal data at all stages of development and deployment of artificial intelligence-based technology.

4. Collaboration Principle: This principle encourages interdisciplinary, international collaboration and assistance involving various stakeholders.

5. Accessibility, Equity and Inclusivity Principles: This principle recognizes that the deployment of artificial intelligence technology presupposes the widespread availability of appropriate infrastructural infrastructure. Thus, it aims to bridge the digital divide.

6. Data Optimization: Poor data quality, inappropriate and inadequate data presentations can lead to biases, biases, errors and sub-optimal outcomes in the functioning of AI technology.

7. Non-discrimination and fairness principles: Quality AI technologies should be designed for universal use, avoiding biases and inaccuracies in algorithms.

8. Reliability: To use AI effectively, physicians and healthcare providers must have a simple, systematic, and reliable way to test the validity and reliability of AI technologies. Apart from providing accurate analysis of health data, a trustworthy AI-based solution must also be legal, ethical, reliable and valid.

Note: India has several frameworks that match technological advancements with healthcare. These include the National Health Policy (2017), Digital Health Authority under the Digital Information Security in Healthcare Act (DISHA), 2018 and Medical Devices Rules, 2017 to leverage digital health technologies.

Conclusion

Since artificial intelligence cannot be held accountable for decisions made, an ethically effective policy framework is necessary to guide the development of artificial intelligence technologies and its application in healthcare. Additionally, as artificial intelligence technologies further develop and are used in clinical decision making, it is important to have protocols in place that consider liability in the event of errors for safety and security.

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