PSLV-C61 mission malfunctioned at 0.33 level, it was ISRO’s 101st launch; know the reason
P. of Indian Space Research Organization i.e. ISRO
The SLV-C61 mission failed due to a technical fault. In this mission the EOS-09 Earth Observation Satellite was to be placed in a 524-kilometer sun-synchronous polar orbit. It was ISRO’s 101st launch mission. ISRO has formed a committee to find out the reasons for the failure of this mission.
Before moving on to the news, learn about those technical terms to make it easier to understand the entire news:
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle: PSLV is a reliable ISRO rocket, launching satellites into Earth orbit, particularly polar and sun-synchronous orbit (600-800 km). It is a 4-level (strong→ liquid→ strong→ liquid) release automobile used for remote sensing, oral exchange and medical missions.
Ground-lit strap-on automobiles: These are additional booster engines of the rocket that ignite on the ground during release to provide the initial thrust of the rocket. These are attached to the main center of a rocket such as the PSLV and provide the power needed for lift-off.
Onboard instrumentation: These are sensors and units installed on a rocket or satellite TV, including accelerometers, gyroscopes, and inertial amplitude units (IMUs), which measure speed, course, altitude, and other statistics in real time. These statistics are sent to the ground station via telemetry to demonstrate the mission’s position and trajectory.
Telemetry: This is a method in which statistics (which include speed, altitude, pressure, orientation) from a rocket or satellite TV are sent to the ground station in real time via radio signals. These statistics are important for the tracking and evaluation of assignments.
Ground-based monitoring: This is a technique in which the position, speed and direction of a rocket or satellite TV is tracked in real time using radar, antenna and floor stations. This is not the same as onboard instrumentation statistics and helps display assignments.
Closed Loop Guidance: A computerized control gadget in which the rocket’s onboard PC analyzes real-time data and coordinates trajectory, thrust, and orientation. This guarantees that the rocket reaches its intended orbit without the aid of floor control.
Start of work: Everything normal
PSLV-C61 launched today i.e. on 18th May at 5:59 am from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota. Everything was going according to plan in the early stages of the launch. The performance of the countdown, first stage ignition, lift-off and stronger vehicles remained normal.
Four floor-light strap-on vehicles and the main centre worked as expected. The next ignition of air-burned strap-on vehicles was also timely and the rocket moved forward on its particular trajectory.
The second phase was also completed in a completely normal manner. Liquid fuel development engine was used in it. During this time, the onboard instrumentation and floor-based monitoring figures were exactly matching each other, showing that the rocket was gaining its speed and altitude.
Where the mistake occurred: 0.33 Error in step
Work trouble began when the rocket reached its 0.33 stage (PS3), which is a stationary motor. According to ISRO, ignition of the 0.33 phase occurred normally at 262.9 seconds.
Everything was going great in the initial record. During this time the rocket had a height of 344.9 km, a velocity of 5.62 km/s and a range of 888.4 km. However, after 376.8 seconds, mistakes began to appear in the telemetry records.
Two types of records are analyzed at ISRO floor stations:
The onboard instrumentation record, which comes from the rocket’s inertial measurement unit (IMU), accelerometer, and gyroscope.
Ground-based monitoring records that track the rocket’s work through radar and antenna systems.
Both of these records are shown in the reset graph, with the green line indicating the onboard instrumentation and the yellow line the monitoring record.
In the early stages of the mission, the green and yellow lines were completely overlapping, indicating that the rocket was working fine, but during 0.33 degrees, at about 376.8 seconds, these lines began to diverge.
The green line showing records from the onboard sensors began to show zigzag patterns and deviations. At the same time, the yellow line showing the monitoring record was showing a different position. This divergence became proof that something had gone wrong.
Possible causes: asymmetry in thrust or record transmission error
During the 0.33 level, the rocket was in closed loop steering mode, in which the onboard laptop makes decisions independently based on real-time records.
In this mode, the inertial amplitude unit, the International Navigation Satellite TV Machine (GNSS) and other sensors control the rocket’s orientation, thrust and trajectory, although in this work, the records sent by the onboard machine were no longer matching the monitoring records.
Analysts believe there could be several possible reasons for this deviation:
Sensor failure: Malfunctions in the onboard sensor, including IMUs or accelerometers, can cause deviations due to incorrect records.
Algorithm error: The set of rules used in a closed loop steering machine may contain miscalculations or may lead to mistakes in record processing.
Thrust abnormality: 0.33 level The stationary motor may have a pressure reduction or nozzle problem, which causes the estimated thrust not to occur.
Data transmission error: any malfunction in the telemetry machine, which causes the onboard records to no longer be communicated effectively to the floor station.
After this deviation, the rocket began to adjust its trajectory incorrectly, causing it to not reach its separate orbit. The fourth level (PS4) also ignited, but until then the achievement of the task was not possible. In the end the work had to be cancelled midway and the rocket and satellite TV were destroyed.
ISRO Chairman: Chamber pressure decreased in 0.33 level
ISRO Chairman V. Narayanan said that in the 0.33 level, the chamber pressure of the motor case decreased, due to which the work could not be completed.
“We have formed a failure analysis committee to find out the reasons for this failure”, he said. This committee will thoroughly evaluate telemetry records, onboard machine logs and floor monitoring records. By reading millions of bits of records, we can pinpoint the exact causes and upgrade for future missions”
Satellite TV was used in agriculture, forestry and disaster management
The 1,696.24 kg EOS-09 satellite shipped with the PSLV rocket became an important part of ISRO’s Earth observation programme. The aim was to provide high-resolution imagery for programmes in agriculture, forestry and disaster management.
Questions on the reliability of PSLV?
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle has been ISRO’s most reliable rocket. It is also called “workhorse”. It has a fulfillment rate of about 96%. This rocket is capable of placing satellites of India as well as international customers in orbit.
ISRO has also detected irregularities in the past. For example, after the failure of the EOS-03 project in 2021, a stress problem was detected in the cryogenic level tank, and upgrades were made based on that. This time too, the ISRO group will conduct a thorough assessment of all record logs of pre-release preparations, release process and onboard systems.
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