Cancer can start almost anywhere in the human body. Some damaged cells can form tumours. Here, some types of cancer are explained. Every year on February 4th, World Cancer Day is observed. Cancer is not just a disease; it’s a group of diseases in which the body’s cells change, go out of control, and spread to other parts of the body. Cancer can begin almost anywhere in the human body. Some damaged cells may form tumours. Tumours can be cancerous or benign (non-cancerous). There are many types of cancer. Awareness about cancer and early diagnosis can contribute to successful treatment. Here are some types of cancer explained.
Types Of Cancer
1. Carcinoma
Carcinoma is a type of cancer that occurs in the tissue called epithelial tissue, which covers the organs, glands, or body surface. For example, stomach cancer is called carcinoma. Many carcinomas affect organs or glands.
Types of carcinomas include:
- Melanoma
- Basal cell carcinoma
- Squamous cell skin cancer
- Merkel cell carcinoma
2. Sarcoma
Sarcoma is a malignant tumour that grows from connective tissues such as cartilage, fat, muscles, stroma, and bones. Sarcoma is usually found in young adults. Examples of sarcoma include osteosarcoma.
Types of sarcoma include:
- Soft tissue sarcoma
- Osteosarcoma
- Tumor of the bone marrow
- Chondrosarcoma
3. Lymphoma
Lymphoma is a cancer that develops in the lymphatic system’s nodes or glands, which are responsible for clearing white blood cells and body fluids, or in organs like the brain and breast. Lymphoma can be classified into two categories: Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
Types of lymphoma include:
- Hodgkin’s lymphoma
- Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
- Skin lymphoma
4. Leukemia
Leukemia, also known as blood cancer, is a cancer of the bone marrow that impedes the production of normal red and white blood cells and platelets. Red blood cells are needed to prevent anemia. Platelets help the body avoid easy injuries and bleeding.
Examples of leukemia include acute myeloid leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, acute lymphocytic leukemia, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Types of leukemia include:
- Acute lymphocytic leukemia
- Acute myeloid leukemia
- Aplastic myeloid leukemia
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- Chronic myeloid leukemia
- Essential thrombocythemia
- Hairy cell leukemia
- Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
5. Myeloma
Myeloma develops in plasma cells of the bone marrow. In some cases, myeloma cells accumulate in one bone, forming a tumor called plasmaplasmoma. In other cases, myeloma cells gather in multiple bones, forming multiple bone tumors, which is called multiple myeloma.
6. Bladder Cancer
Risk factors for bladder cancer include smoking, genetic mutations, and contact with certain chemicals. Bladder cancer begins when cells that form the bladder start growing out of control. As more cancer cells develop, they can form a tumor and, over time, spread to other parts of the body.
7. Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is a disease in which breast cells grow uncontrollably. There are many types of breast cancer. The type depends on which cells in the breast turn cancerous. Early detection of breast cancer is best done through regular mammograms. Talk to your doctor about when to start screening and how often to get mammograms.
8. Colorectal Cancer
If you are 45 years or older, getting tested can be a preventative measure. Screening tests can help prevent colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer begins in the colon or rectum. These cancers are also known as colon cancer or rectal cancer.
9. Gynecological Cancers
Gynecological cancers are those that start in a woman’s reproductive organs. The cancer’s name is always based on the part of the body where it begins. Gynecological cancers include cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer.
10. Head and Neck Cancers
Head and neck cancers include cancers that start in various parts of the head and throat, excluding brain cancer or eye cancers.
11. Kidney Cancer
Kidney cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the kidneys. It starts when the body’s cells begin to grow uncontrollably. To reduce the risk of kidney and renal pelvis cancer, maintain a healthy weight. Do not smoke, and if you do, quit.
12. Liver Cancer
To lower your risk of liver cancer, get vaccinated against hepatitis B, get tested for hepatitis C, and avoid excessive alcohol consumption.
13. Lung Cancer
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. To reduce your risk, quit smoking, avoid secondhand smoke, and have your home tested for radon.
14. Lymphoma
Lymphoma is a general term for cancers that begin in the lymphatic system. There are two main types: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.
15. Mesothelioma
Mesothelioma is an aggressive and deadly form of cancer. It develops in the thin tissues that affect many of your internal organs.
16. Myeloma
Myeloma is a cancer of plasma cells. In myeloma, the cells grow excessively, forming a tumour in the bone marrow.
17. Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer causes more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system, but early detection greatly improves treatment outcomes.
18. Prostate Cancer
Most prostate cancers grow slowly and don’t cause health problems. Talk to your doctor before deciding on testing or treatment for prostate cancer.
19. Skin Cancer
In the United States, skin cancer is the most common type of cancer. To reduce your risk, protect your skin from sun exposure and avoid indoor tanning.
20. Thyroid Cancer
The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located below the neck. It produces hormones that control heart rate, blood pressure, body temperature, and weight.
21. Vaginal and Vulvar Cancers
Vulvar cancer is a type of cancer that occurs on the outer surface of a woman’s reproductive organs. It usually appears as a lump or sore on the vulva that often causes itching.
Disclaimer
This content, including advice, is for general informational purposes only. It does not substitute for qualified medical advice in any way. Always consult a healthcare professional or your doctor for more information.
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